![]() Effect of CO2 and O2 on development and fructification of wheat in closed systems. Lessons learned from Biosphere 2 and laboratory biosphere closed systems experiment for the Mars on Earth project. The theme of agriculture for space has contributed to, and benefited from terrestrial, controlled environment agriculture and will continue to do so into the future.Īlling, A., M. ![]() As a result of these studies for space agriculture, novel technologies and findings have been produced this includes the first use of light emitting diodes for growing crops, one of the first demonstrations of vertical agriculture, use of hydroponic approaches for subterranean crops like potato and sweetpotato, crop yields that surpassed reported record field yields, the ability to quantify volatile organic compound production (e.g., ethylene) from whole crop stands, innovative approaches for controlling water delivery, approaches for processing and recycling wastes back to crop production systems, and more. Most recently, a group at Beihang University in Beijing designed, built and tested a closed life support facility (Lunar Palace 1), which included a 69-m 2 agricultural module for air, water, and food production for three humans. 2000 for testing crops for space, and have since expanded their testing for a wide range of controlled environment agriculture topics. The Canadian team eventually developed sophisticated canopy-scale hypobaric plant production chambers ca. A Canadian research team at the University of Guelph developed a research facility ca. The European Space Agency MELiSSA Project began in the late 1980s and pursued ecological approaches for providing gas, water and materials recycling for space life support, and later expanded to include plant testing. CEEF had 150 m 2 of plant growth area, which provided a near-complete diet along with air and water regeneration for two humans and two goats. About this same time, Japanese researchers developed a Controlled Ecological Experiment Facility (CEEF) in Aomori Prefecture to conduct closed system studies with plants, humans, animals, and waste recycling systems. Related tests with humans and crops were conducted at NASA’s Johnson Space Center in the 1990s. Findings from these studies were then used to conduct tests in a 20 m 2, atmospherically closed chamber located at Kennedy Space Center. 1980 with testing focused on controlled environment production of wheat, soybean, potato, lettuce, and sweetpotato. NASA initiated its Controlled Ecological Life Support Systems (CELSS) Program ca. Studies on algal production and controlled environment agriculture were also carried out by Russian researchers in Krasnoyarsk, Siberia beginning in 1960s including tests with human crews whose air, water, and much of their food were provided by wheat and other crops. Research in the area started in 1950s and 60s through the works of Jack Myers and others, who studied algae for O 2 production and CO 2 removal for the US Air Force and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). ![]() ![]() Central to the concept is the use of photosynthetic organisms and light to generate oxygen and food. Agricultural systems for space have been discussed since the works of Tsiolkovsky in the early 20 th century. ![]()
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